Dimethyl phthalate - NIST Chemistry WebBook [56] Several medical devices contain phthalates including, but not limited to, IV tubing, gloves, nasogastric tubes, and respiratory tubing. Diallyl phthalate is used to prepare vinyl ester resins with excellent electrical insulation properties, these are used to manufacture of electronics components. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. [91], During August 2008, the United States Congress passed and President George W. Bush signed the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA), which became public law 110314. All rights reserved. 260-268). [82], There may be a link between the obesity epidemic and endocrine disruption and metabolic interference. Studies show that exposure to phthalates is greater from ingestion of certain foods, rather than exposure via water bottles as is most often first thought of with plastic chemicals. [67] Finally, particularly low levels of exposure may still have significant effects, and exposure to multiple endocrine disruptors across a variety of compounds (not just phthalates) may synergistically combine to cause a greater effect. Dimethyl phthalate SDS, Safety Data Sheets - ECHEMI Studies conducted on mice exposed to phthalates in utero did not result in metabolic disorder in adults. Standard Reference Data Act. Select a region with no data or Phthalates also function as solvents and stabilizers in perfumes and other fragrance preparations. [4][5] They are being replaced by high-molecular-weight phthalates (those with more than six carbons in their backbone, which gives them increased permanency and durability), as well as alternative plasticizers not based on phthalic anhydride. )"), 2010 Survey of Cosmetics for Phthalate Content, An official website of the United States government, Recalls, Market Withdrawals and Safety Alerts, Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Cosmetics, "National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. (USCG, 1999). Diethyl phthalate is a colorless liquid that has a bitter, disagreeable taste. [4][21], Studies have shown that DMP is readily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract of rats. [59] Thus, the effect of phthalates should be examined together with other antiandrogens, which otherwise may have been excluded because their mechanisms or structure are different. Can generate electrostatic charges by swirling or pouring [Handling Chemicals Safely, 1980. p. 250]. Please review the contents of the section and. Table of the most common phthalates . PVC plastics are typically used for various containers and hard packaging, medical tubing and bags, and are labeled "Type 3". Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. It is used in a variety of products and is most commonly used as insect repellent such as ectoparasiticide for mosquitoes and flies for animal livestock. These coatings protect drugs from the acidity of the stomach, but allow their release and absorption in the intestines. Higher levels of some phthalate metabolites were associated with elevated FBG, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Thus, many manufacturers have moved to use only virgin PVC in their products. [10] In studies of rodents exposed to certain phthalates, high doses have been shown to change hormone levels and cause birth defects.[11]. This chemical is combustible. Office of Response and Restoration, The FDA published this analytical method and results of our 2004 survey in the article, Analysis of Consumer Cosmetic Products for Phthalate Esters, (J.C. Hubinger and D.C. Havery,Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2006, vol. "[83] Phthalates belong to this class of metabolic disruptors. Synthesis and applications These were offered as nitrocellulose plasticizers in the 1930s [21]. Data on flooring materials was collected, but there was not a significant difference in concentrations between homes where no polish was used that have balatum (PVC or linoleum) flooring and homes with wood. All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are ", "Sperm counts are falling. Insect repellents, e.g. The reaction can be catalysed by a strong acid, such as sulfuric acid; various lewis acids may be used as an alterative, including complexes of titanium, zirconium or tin. It is not known how many medications are made using phthalates, but some include omeprazole, didanosine, mesalamine, and theophylline. A review of epidemiological studies", "A critical assessment of the endocrine susceptibility of the human testis to phthalates from fetal life to adulthood", "Persistent Associations between Maternal Prenatal Exposure to Phthalates on Child IQ at Age 7 Years", "Prenatal and childhood exposure to phthalates and motor skills at age 11 years", "Neurotoxicity of Ortho-Phthalates: Recommendations for Critical Policy Reforms to Protect Brain Development in Children", "Endocrine disruptors and asthma-associated chemicals in consumer products", "Care and feeding of the endocannabinoid system: a systematic review of potential clinical interventions that upregulate the endocannabinoid system", "Chronic Hazard Advisory on Diisononyl Phthalate", "Phthalate Substance Grouping information sheet", 1999/815/EC: Commission Decision of 7 December 1999 adopting measures prohibiting the placing on the market of toys and childcare articles intended to be placed in the mouth by children under three years of age made of soft PVC containing one or more of the substances di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DINP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-iso-decyl phthalate (DIDP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP), and butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), "Echa and Denmark to prepare phthalates restriction", H.R. [24], A separate study found that the oxidative stress induced by DMP also decreased the immune functions of erythrocytes. uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the 1.) Phthalate esters are the dialkyl or alkyl aryl esters of phthalic acid (also called 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, not be confused with the structurally isomeric terephthalic or isophthalic acids); the name "phthalate" derives from phthalic acid, which itself is derived from the word "naphthalene". As the FDA continues to follow the ongoing scientific discussions, we will consider additional actions as needed. C 6 H 4 (COOC 2 H 5) 2. Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) As of 2019, regulations to protect the environment against DEHP and B79P have not yet been put into place.[87]. Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript DMP can be used as an insect repellent and is especially useful against ixodid ticks responsible for Lyme disease. [52] Infants and toddlers are at the greatest risk of exposure, because of their mouthing behavior. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released a report on March 21, 2001, titled"National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals." Belongs to the Following Reactive Group(s). The use of some phthalates has been restricted in the European Union for use in children's toys since 1999. [25] Plasticizers, especially phthalates, derived from alcohols with 7-13 carbon atoms occupy a privileged position as general purpose plasticizers, suitable for almost all flexible PVC applications. What is this information? Diallyl phthalate. When cooled, these interactions remain and the network of PVC chains cannot reform (as is present in unplasticized PVC, or PVC-U). [30] The LC50 after 96h of exposure was 45.8mg/L, with 100% of mortality in the 200mg/L exposure group. [83] However, "in a national cross-section of U.S. men, concentrations of several prevalent phthalate metabolites showed statistically significant correlations with abnormal obesity and insulin resistance. Diethyl phthalate is manufactured for many uses. Iron is the site of oxygen binding for hemoglobin, without it, hemoglobin is unable to bind to oxygen and transport it to the rest of the body. In 1994, a Health Canada assessment found that DEHP and another phthalate product, B79P, were harmful to human health. Technology, Office of Data Diethyl phthalate. Dimethyl Phthalate - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics it is a colourless and oily liquid that is soluble in organic solvents, but which is only poorly soluble in water (~4 g/L). In a study conducted on schoolchildren in China, the concentration of mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) was assessed in urine samples. dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves. Phthalate DnBP was detected in 81 percent of the samples, while DEHP was found in 70 percent. Standard Reference Data Act. in these sites and their terms of usage. The report described a survey of a small segment of the U.S. population for environmental chemicals in urine to learn more about the extent of human exposure to industrial chemicals. WGK. [6][7] Its oral LD50 is 4390 to 8200mg/kg bw/d in rats and the dermal LD50 is 38000mg/kg bw in rats and more than 4800mg/kg bw in guinea pigs. Almost 90% of all plasticizers are used in PVC, giving this material improved flexibility and durability. [6][7][22] This is due to insufficient animal evidence and inadequate lifetime-exposure carcinogenicity studies available. The Canadian federal government responded by banning their use in cosmetics and restricting their use in other applications. CAS No. Dimethyl phthalate (cas 131-11-3) SDS/MSDS download However, DMP does appear to have less potential towards inducing health hazards than other phthalates, such as DEHP and BBP. Name. In February 2009, the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission published a review of methods to measure phthalates in food. Following this result, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was listed as a possible carcinogen by IARC, EC, and WHO. We learned that the use of phthalates in cosmetics intended for people of all ages, including infants and children, has decreased considerably since our surveys began in 2004. Phthalates are produced industrially by the acid catalysed reaction of phthalic anhydride with excess alcohol. Consumers can tell whether some products contain phthalates by reading the ingredient declaration on the labels of such products. [85] The carcinogen classification was subsequently withdrawn. Diethyl Phthalate - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics 205-011-6 Council of Europe no. (See Annual Review of Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Assessments 2002/2003,International Journal of Toxicology (Supplement 1), 1-102, 2005.) Updated Tables, February 2011", "Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry-Public Health Statement for Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate DEHP", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phthalates&oldid=1158533155, Articles needing additional medical references from April 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles requiring reliable medical sources, Commons category link is defined as the pagename, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, Toxic to Reproduction, Endocrine Disrupting, Under assessment as, Toxic to Reproduction, Endocrine Disrupting, Toxic to Reproduction, Endocrine Disrupting, Skin sensitising. 57, pp. Significant increases in MnBP concentration were found in the study's urine samples. [14] DMP has been shown to deter species of mosquitoes such as Anopheles stephensi, Culex pipeins and Ades aegypti. [58] DBP in medications raises concern about health risks due to the high level of exposures associated with taking these medications, especially in vulnerable segments of the population, including pregnant women and children.[58]. [52], Another study, conducted between 2003 and 2010 analysing data from 9,000 individuals, found that those who reported that they had eaten at a fast food restaurant had much higher levels of two separate phthalatesDEHP and DiNPin their urine samples. C 6 H 4 (COOCH 3) 2. HTML 5 canvas support. Copyright for NIST Standard Reference Data is governed by [15][16][17], DMP administered orally in rats largely undergoes phase I biotransformation to monomethyl phthalate (MMP) via hydrolysis in the liver and intestinal mucosa. jcamp-dx.js and PVC flooring leads to higher concentrations of BBP and DEHP, which are more prevalent in dust. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. [12] In one study, researchers looked into potential differences between gender and race as well as potential consequences of this higher phthalate exposure. A widespread concern about phthalate exposure is the possibility (though not conclusive) that it is the cause of a worldwide drop in male fertility. [4][21], The chronic (long term) effects, reproductive effects, and carcinogenicity of DMP on humans and animals have yet to be fully established as compared to some other phthalate esters. Phthalates' share of the global plasticisers market has been decreasing since around 2000. Structural formula. Additionally, increased exposure to phthalates has been linked to an increase in MnBP. intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National All rights reserved. (1)The vapor pressure for dimethyl phthalate is 4.19 10 mm Hg at 20 C, and it has a log octanol/waterpartition coefficient (log Kow) of 1.56. Also, please note that some so-called "personal care products,"such as diaper creams and nipple creams, are regulated as drugs, or in some cases both cosmetics and drugs. The chemical formula for dimethyl phthalate is C10H10O-34, and the molecular weight is 194.19 g/mol. National Ocean Service, The law does not require cosmetic firms to file their formulations with the FDA. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST and HTML 5 enabled browser. Synonyms/Common Names 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dimethyl ester Special Studies Absorption Distribution Metabolism Excretion (Topical Application) (S0043) Completed Male Rats: F344/N Genetic Toxicology In Vitro Cytogenetics (CA/SCE) (970550) Completed by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. Antioxidant enzymes act as defenders of cells from oxidant damage from contaminants present as free radicals that can cause enzyme inactivation, DNA and cholesterol damage and peroxidation of unsaturated fats in the cell membrane. [37][38] Dimethyl phthalate has been also used as an insect repellent and is especially useful against ixodid ticks responsible for Lyme disease. Trade names include neantine, peilatinol A, and solvanol. It occurs as a colourless liquid without significant odour but has a bitter, disagreeable taste. The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, charged with maintaining the Proposition 65 list and enforcing its provisions, has implemented a "No Significant Risk Level" of 146 g/day for DINP.[96]. Dimethyl phthalate = 99 131-11-3 - MilliporeSigma [99] One hypothesis is that these may have been introduced during plastic recycling.[99]. Dimethyl phthalate | CAS#:131-11-3 | Chemsrc - Furthermore, the law requires the establishment of a permanent review board to determine the safety of other phthalates. Lower-molecular-weight phthalates, those derived from C3-C6 alcohols, are being gradually replaced in many products in the United States, Canada, and European Union over health concerns. [4] Increased liver weight was identified in rats exposed to DMP concentrations of approximately 1,860mg/kg-day; heightened alkaline phosphatase activity (indicating liver damage) followed prolonged dosage of 500mg/kgday; lowered cholesterol and lipid levels were observed after exposure to 107mg/kg-day. [54] The author of the study stated, "The concentration of DEHP was found to be significantly associated with wheezing in the last 12 months as reported by the parents. InChI=1S/C10H10O4/c1-13-9(11)7-5-3-4-6-8(7)10(12)14-2/h3-6H,1-2H3, National Institute of Standards and Flash point 300F. been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, the regulations do not require the listing of the individual fragrance or flavor, or their specific ingredients. Body-care products containing phthalates are a source of exposure for infants. Historically, this led to it being present in nail polish and some artificial nails but it is not commonly used today. There can be a lag between when someone is exposed to an endocrine disruptor and any symptoms manifesting themselvesin particular fetal and early childhood exposure may have consequences later in adulthood. SAFETY DATA SHEET Revision Date 05/25/2023 Version 6 - MilliporeSigma Follow the links above to find out more about the data It is considered too volatile and causes excessive fuming during PVC processing. [28] DINP and DIDP are used as a substitutes for DEHP in many applications, as they are not classified as hazardous. [30] The majority is used in films and cable sheathing. click the mouse on the plot to revert to the orginal display. [20] Although some research has shown the association between the susceptibility of the reproductive system and phthalates esters, most phthalates demonstrate low acute toxicity. [29], The toxicity of DMP on adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) was examined and showed oxidative damage after high concentrations of exposure. PDF Dimethyl Phthalate - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [66] In all cases, larger studies are needed to demonstrate incontrovertibly what effect phthalate exposure has on human health. One group of chemicals surveyed was phthalates. Eye contact may produce severe irritation and direct skin contact may produce mild irritation. After 96h of exposure at high concentrations the activity levels of the primary antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione transferase activities were significantly reduced. Most phthalates are also compatible with alkyds and acrylic resins, which are used in both oil and emulsion based paints. A water-white liquid without significant odor. Safety Information. Eye contact may produce severe irritation and direct skin contact may produce mild irritation. the library and The two terms are specific and unique and cannot be used interchangeably. They are not classified for any health or environmental effects. Common Phthalates Ordered by molecular weight, commercially important compounds shown in bold; Name Abbreviation Alcohol carbon number Molecular weight (g/mol) CAS No. Normally stable, even under fire conditions. it is a colourless and oily liquid that is soluble in organic solvents, [4] but which is only poorly soluble in water (~4 g/L). When added to plastics, phthalates allow the long polyvinyl molecules to slide against one another. It was found that while there were no statistically significant differences between men and women overall, there were differences between Mexican-Americans, blacks, and whites in terms of the overall risk of disturbance of glucose homeostasis. In 2015 total production of was around 5.5 million tonnes,[15] up from around 2.7 million tonnes in the 1980s. Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply Substance Information - ECHA DIMETHYL PHTHALATE | CAMEO Chemicals | NOAA In 1931, the commercial availability of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and the development of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) began the boom of the plasticizer PVC industry. Regulatory Name CAS Number/ 313 Category Code EPCRA 302 EHS TPQ EPCRA 304 EHS RQ CERCLA RQ EPCRA 313 TRI RCRA Code CAA 112(r) RMP TQ; Dimethyl phthalate: 131-11-3: 5000 pounds: 313: U102 (EPA List of Lists, 2022) CISA Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS) No . Results were published in the article,A Survey of Phthalate Esters in Consumer Cosmetic Products," (PDF 488 KB)(J.C. Hubinger, Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2010, vol. Alkyds are sometimes classes as phthalates, as they meet the technical definition, however, being polymeric esters of phthalic acid their properties and applications are very different. WGK 1. One mechanism of iron release is the oxidative stress-induced on RBCs by DMP. Phthalates are chemical compounds developed in the last century that are used to make plastics more durable. Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) is an organic compound and phthalate ester. The panel found that levels of exposures to phthalates from cosmetics were low compared to levels that may cause adverse effects in animals. Name: : diethyl phthalate: CAS # : 84-66-2: IUPAC name: ethyl 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)benzoate: Common name: 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid diethyl ester: . Copyright for NIST Standard Reference Data is governed by 450, Sally Hansen Diamond Strength 33 Champagne Toast, Avon Nailwear Pro Nail Enamel Polish Midnight Plum, Dove Deep Moisture Nourishing Body Wash with NutrimMoisture, Eucerin Plus Intensive Repair Hand Crme with Dry Skin Therapy, Aveeno Active Naturals Daily Moisturizing Lotion, Vaseline Sheer Infusion Vitamin Burst Body Lotion, Palmer's Cocoa Butter Formula Concentrated Cream, Jergens Ultra Healing Extra Dry Skin Moisturizer, Dollar General Guarantee Skin Rescue Moisture Lock Lotion, Noxzema The Original Deep Cleansing Cream with Eucalyptus Oil, Celine Dion Sensational Shimmering Body Lotion, Scentsations by Body Source Cherry Blossom Body Lotion, Curel Continuous Comfort Original Formula Moisturizer, Lubriderm Daily Moisture Lotion, Normal to Dry Skin, Fragrance Free, Nivea Soft Refreshingly Soft Moisturizing Crme, Bath, Body, etc Organic Soothing Aloe Vera Body Lotion, J.R. 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Phthalates are used in some, but not all, PVC formulations, and there are no specific labeling requirements for phthalates. [89] The creation of an Annex XV dossier, which could ban the import of products containing these chemicals, was being prepared jointly by the ECHA and Danish authorities, and expected to be submitted by April 2016. Products in which it is found include toothbrushes, automobile parts, tools, toys, and food packaging.